Bases neurobiológicas de las emociones

Carlos  Ensuncho Hoyos; Gerardo  Aguilar Rivero

doi:10.17162/rccs.v16i1.1990

Autores/as

Carlos Ensuncho Hoyos Universidad Metropolitana de Educación, Ciencia y Tecnología https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9847-9915
Gerardo Aguilar Rivero Universidad Metropolitana de Educación, Ciencia y Tecnología https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6741-4601

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17162/rccs.v16i1.1990

Palabras clave:

Emociones, Neurociencia, Neurobiología, Sistema límbico, Amígdala

Resumen

Los avances de la ciencia y la tecnología en los últimos años han posibilitado la aparición de nuevas y potentes técnicas no invasivas de neuroimagen para analizar las redes y circuitos neurales que competen al cerebro. Estas técnicas han hecho posible estudiar el cerebro como nunca se había podido, y han propiciado numerosas investigaciones que nos aproximan cada vez más a comprender la compleja red neural que subyacen a los diferentes estados emocionales que hacen parte de la naturaleza humana. Los avances de la neurociencia han permitido construir hipótesis que permiten entender y comprender mejor las emociones, especialmente a través de los estudios que involucran áreas cerebrales tan importantes como el sistema límbico. Este documento presenta información actualizada sobe la neurobiología de algunos estados emocionales como el miedo, la ira, la empatía, el amor, la tristeza y la depresión. Para ello, se presenta una revisión de las principales áreas cerebrales relacionadas con estas emociones, a la vez que se exponen las redes y circuitos de mayor relevancia que hacen parte y permiten estos estados emocionales.

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